MongoDB整库备份与还原以及单个collection备份、恢复方法(mongodb如何备份)

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mongodump.exe备份的原理是通过一次查询获取当前服务器快照，并将快照写入磁盘中，因此这种方式保存的也不是实时的，因为在获取快照后，服务器还会有数据写入，为了保证备份的安全，同样我们还是可以利用fsync锁使服务器数据暂时写入缓存中。高效开源数据库(mongodb)下载地址： show dbsMyDB 0.GBadmin (empty)bruce 0.GBlocal (empty)test 0.GB> use MyDBswitched to db MyDB> db.users.find(){ "_id" : ObjectId("4eaaabf1ee"), "a" : 1, "b" : 1 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("4e2cdacf"), "a" : 3, "b" : 5 }>

整库备份：mongodump -h dbhost -d dbname -o dbdirectory-h：MongDB所在服务器地址，例如：.0.0.1，当然也可以指定端口号：.0.0.1:-d：需要备份的数据库实例，例如：test-o：备份的数据存放位置，例如：c:datadump，当然该目录需要提前建立，在备份完成后，系统自动在dump目录下建立一个test目录，这个目录里面存放该数据库实例的备份数据。

mongodump的官方说明(可通过mongodump --help查看)：options: --help produce help message -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) --version print the program's version and exit -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets) --port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port --ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default) -u [ --username ] arg username -p [ --password ] arg password --dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given path, instead of connecting to a mongod server - needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used if a mongod is currently accessing the same path --directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate directory --journal enable journaling -d [ --db ] arg database to use -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) -o [ --out ] arg (=dump) output directory or "-" for stdout -q [ --query ] arg json query --oplog Use oplog for point-in-time snapshotting --repair try to recover a crashed database --forceTableScan force a table scan (do not use $snapshot)

整库恢复：mongorestore -h dbhost -d dbname ?directoryperdb dbdirectory-h：MongoDB所在服务器地址-d：需要恢复的数据库实例，例如：test，当然这个名称也可以和备份时候的不一样，比如test2?directoryperdb：备份数据所在位置，例如：c:datadumptest，这里为什么要多加一个test，而不是备份时候的dump，读者自己查看提示吧！?drop：恢复的时候，先删除当前数据，然后恢复备份的数据。就是说，恢复后，备份后添加修改的数据都会被删除，慎用哦！

mongorestore的官方说明(可通过mongorestore --help查看)：options: --help produce help message -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) --version print the program's version and exit -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets) --port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port --ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default) -u [ --username ] arg username -p [ --password ] arg password --dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given path, instead of connecting to a mongod server - needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used if a mongod is currently accessing the same path --directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate directory --journal enable journaling -d [ --db ] arg database to use -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) --objcheck validate object before inserting --filter arg filter to apply before inserting --drop drop each collection before import --oplogReplay replay oplog for point-in-time restore --oplogLimit arg exclude oplog entries newer than provided timestamp (epoch[:ordinal]) --keepIndexVersion don't upgrade indexes to newest version --noOptionsRestore don't restore collection options --noIndexRestore don't restore indexes --w arg (=1) minimum number of replicas per write

单个collection备份：mongoexport -h dbhost -d dbname -c collectionname -f collectionKey -o dbdirectory-h: MongoDB所在服务器地址-d: 需要恢复的数据库实例-c: 需要恢复的集合-f: 需要导出的字段(省略为所有字段)-o: 表示导出的文件名

mongoexport的官方说明(可通过mongoexport --help查看)： --help produce help message -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) --version print the program's version and exit -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets) --port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port --ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default) -u [ --username ] arg username -p [ --password ] arg password --dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given path, instead of connecting to a mongod server - needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used if a mongod is currently accessing the same path --directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate directory --journal enable journaling -d [ --db ] arg database to use -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) -f [ --fields ] arg comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age --fieldFile arg file with fields names - 1 per line -q [ --query ] arg query filter, as a JSON string --csv export to csv instead of json -o [ --out ] arg output file; if not specified, stdout is used --jsonArray output to a json array rather than one object per line -k [ --slaveOk ] arg (=1) use secondaries for export if available, default true --forceTableScan force a table scan (do not use $snapshot)

单个collection恢复：mongoimport -d dbhost -c collectionname ?type csv ?headerline ?file-type: 指明要导入的文件格式-headerline: 批明不导入第一行，因为第一行是列名-file: 指明要导入的文件路径

mongoimport的官方说明(可通过mongoimport --help查看)： --help produce help message -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) --version print the program's version and exit -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets) --port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port --ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default) -u [ --username ] arg username -p [ --password ] arg password --dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given path, instead of connecting to a mongod server - needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used if a mongod is currently accessing the same path --directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate directory --journal enable journaling -d [ --db ] arg database to use -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) -f [ --fields ] arg comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age --fieldFile arg file with fields names - 1 per line --ignoreBlanks if given, empty fields in csv and tsv will be ignored --type arg type of file to import. default: json (json,csv,tsv) --file arg file to import from; if not specified stdin is used --drop drop collection first --headerline CSV,TSV only - use first line as headers --upsert insert or update objects that already exist --upsertFields arg comma-separated fields for the query part of the upsert. You should make sure this is indexed --stopOnError stop importing at first error rather than continuing --jsonArray load a json array, not one item per line. Currently limited to MB.

其他导入与导出操作：

1. mongoimport -d my_mongodb -c user user.dat参数说明:-d 指明使用的库, 本例中为” my_mongodb”-c 指明要导出的表, 本例中为”user”可以看到导入数据的时候会隐式创建表结构

2. mongoexport -d my_mongodb -c user -o user.dat参数说明:-d 指明使用的库, 本例中为” my_mongodb”-c 指明要导出的表, 本例中为”user”-o 指明要导出的文件名, 本例中为”user.dat”从上面可以看到导出的方式使用的是JSON 的样式.

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