ubuntu服务器安装proftpd ftp服务器步骤(ubuntu服务器安装matlab2014a环境配置)

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一、安装

复制代码代码如下:sudo apt-get install proftpd

安装过程中会让选择运行模式：Standalone和Inetd，前者是单一服务器模式，后者是超级服务器模式，我选的Standalone。

二、配置

复制代码代码如下:sudo vim /etc/shells

加入如下代码复制代码代码如下:/bin/false

新建用户ftpuser1和用户组ftp并设置密码，此用户不需要有效的shell(更安全)，所以选择/bin/false给fptuser1复制代码代码如下:sudo groupadd ftpsudo useradd ftpuser1 -p pass -g ftp -d /home/ftp -s /bin/false

在/home/ftp目录下新建upload和download目录并修改权限复制代码代码如下:cd /home/ftpsudo mkdir downloadsudo mkdir uploadcd /homesudo chmod ftpcd /home/ftpsudo chmod downloadsudo chmod upload

三、修改proftpd核心配置文件proftpd.conf

复制代码代码如下:sudo vim /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf## /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf -- This is a basic ProFTPD configuration file.# To really apply changes reload proftpd after modifications.## Includes DSO modulesInclude /etc/proftpd/modules.conf# Set off to disable IPv6 support which is annoying on IPv4 only boxes.UseIPv6 off # 我们不需要IPv6，所以offServerName "xiaoyigeng's FTP Server" # 修改服务器名ServerType standalone # 服务器运行模式，这里填standalone，也可以选inetdDeferWelcome on # 用户登陆时是否显示欢迎信息MultilineRFC onDefaultServer onShowSymlinks onTimeoutNoTransfer TimeoutStalled # 可以降到TimeoutIdle # 发呆超时DisplayLogin welcome.msg # 如果上边DeferWelcom设置成on，则显示welcome.msg中的内容DisplayFirstChdir .message # 更改目录时显示的内容ListOptions "-l"DenyFilter *.*/# Use this to jail all users in their homes DefaultRoot /home/ftp # ftp用户被限制在这个目录中# Users require a valid shell listed in /etc/shells to login.# Use this directive to release that constrain.# RequireValidShell off # 匿名用户要选on# Port is the standard FTP port.Port # 服务运行的端口# In some cases you have to specify passive ports range to by-pass# firewall limitations. Ephemeral ports can be used for that, but# feel free to use a more narrow range.# PassivePorts # PASV模式下用到的端口# If your host was NATted, this option is useful in order to# allow passive tranfers to work. You have to use your public# address and opening the passive ports used on your firewall as well.# MasqueradeAddress 1.2.3.4# To prevent DoS attacks, set the maximum number of child processes# to . If you need to allow more than concurrent connections# at once, simply increase this value. Note that this ONLY works# in standalone mode, in inetd mode you should use an inetd server# that allows you to limit maximum number of processes per service# (such as xinetd)MaxInstances # Set the user and group that the server normally runs at.User nobody # 服务器运行在nobody用户下Group nobody # 服务器运行在nobody组下# Umask is a good standard umask to prevent new files and dirs# (second parm) from being group and world writable.Umask # 默认新建文件的权限# Normally, we want files to be overwriteable.AllowOverwrite on # 文件可以被覆盖# Uncomment this if you are using NIS or LDAP to retrieve passwords:# PersistentPasswd off# Be warned: use of this directive impacts CPU average load!# Uncomment this if you like to see progress and transfer rate with ftpwho# in downloads. That is not needed for uploads rates.## UseSendFile off# Choose a SQL backend among MySQL or PostgreSQL.# Both modules are loaded in default configuration, so you have to specify the backend # or comment out the unused module in /etc/proftpd/modules.conf.# Use 'mysql' or 'postgres' as possible values.##<IfModule mod_sql.c># SQLBackend mysql#</IfModule>TransferLog /var/log/proftpd/xferlog # 传送文件日志SystemLog /var/log/proftpd/proftpd.log # 系统运行日志<IfModule mod_tls.c>TLSEngine off</IfModule><IfModule mod_quota.c>QuotaEngine on</IfModule><IfModule mod_ratio.c>Ratios on</IfModule></p><p># Delay engine reduces impact of the so-called Timing Attack described in# <a href=" It is on by default. <IfModule mod_delay.c>DelayEngine on</IfModule><IfModule mod_ctrls.c>ControlsEngine onControlsMaxClients 2ControlsLog /var/log/proftpd/controls.logControlsInterval 5ControlsSocket /var/run/proftpd/proftpd.sock</IfModule><IfModule mod_ctrls_admin.c>AdminControlsEngine on</IfModule># A basic anonymous configuration, no upload directories.# <Anonymous ~ftp># User ftp# Group nogroup# # We want clients to be able to login with "anonymous" as well as "ftp"# UserAlias anonymous ftp# # Cosmetic changes, all files belongs to ftp user# DirFakeUser on ftp# DirFakeGroup on ftp# # RequireValidShell off# # # Limit the maximum number of anonymous logins# MaxClients # # # We want 'welcome.msg' displayed at login, and '.message' displayed# # in each newly chdired directory.# DisplayLogin welcome.msg# DisplayFirstChdir .message# # # Limit WRITE everywhere in the anonymous chroot# <Directory *># <Limit WRITE># DenyAll# </Limit># </Directory># # # Uncomment this if you're brave.# # <Directory incoming># # # Umask is a good standard umask to prevent new files and dirs# # # (second parm) from being group and world writable.# # Umask # # <Limit READ WRITE># # DenyAll# # </Limit># # <Limit STOR># # AllowAll# # </Limit># # </Directory># # </Anonymous># Valid Logins # 以下部分为设置用户权限部分<Limit LOGIN> AllowUser ftpuser1 DenyAll</Limit><Directory /home/ftp> Umask AllowOverwrite off <Limit MKD STOR DELE XMKD RNRF RNTO RMD XRMD> DenyAll </Limit></Directory><Directory /home/ftp/download/> Umask AllowOverwrite off <Limit MKD STOR DELE XMKD RNEF RNTO RMD XRMD> DenyAll </Limit></Directory><Directory /home/ftp/upload/> Umask AllowOverwrite on <Limit READ RMD DELE> DenyAll </Limit> <Limit STOR CWD MKD> AllowAll </Limit></Directory>

四、启动、停止、重启服务器

复制代码代码如下:sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd startsudo /etc/init.d/proftpd stopsudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

五、维护

可以到/var/log/proftpd目录查看日志

查看ftp服务器负载命令 ftptop查看什么认登陆服务器 ftpwho

PS:proftpd中Limit的使用介绍

我们用到的比较多的可能是Limit的使用，Limit大致有以下动作，基本能覆盖全部的权限了。

CMD：Change Working Directory 改变目录MKD：MaKe Directory 建立目录的权限RNFR： ReName FRom 更改目录名的权限DELE：DELEte 删除文件的权限RMD：ReMove Directory 删除目录的权限RETR：RETRieve 从服务端下载到客户端的权限STOR：STORe 从客户端上传到服务端的权限READ：可读的权限，不包括列目录的权限，相当于RETR，STAT等WRITE：写文件或者目录的权限，包括MKD和RMDDIRS：是否允许列目录，相当于LIST，NLST等权限，还是比较实用的ALL：所有权限LOGIN：是否允许登陆的权限针对上面这个Limit所应用的对象，又包括以下范围AllowUser 针对某个用户允许的LimitDenyUser 针对某个用户禁止的LimitAllowGroup 针对某个用户组允许的LimitDenyGroup 针对某个用户组禁止的LimitAllowAll 针对所有用户组允许的LimitDenyAll 针对所有用户禁止的Limit

关于限制速率的参数为：TransferRate STOR|RETR 速度（Kbytes/s） user 使用者

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