【Unity】技巧集合(unity操作教程)

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转载： “Hierarchy”中复制相关对象树，暂停游戏后替换原来的，就可以了。（其实这个拷贝过程是序列化过程，这种方法是序列化到内存中；另外一种方法就是序列化到磁盘上，即把内容拖动到文件夹中变成prefab，效果也是一样的）

2）Layer的用法

LayerMask.NameToLayer("Ground"); // 通过名字获取layer

3D Raycast

[csharp] view plaincopyRaycastHit hit; if(Physics.Raycast(cam3d.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition), out hit, Mathf.Infinity, (1<<LayerMask.NameToLayer("Ground")))) { ... }

2D Raycast

[csharp] view plaincopyCollider2D h = Physics2D.OverlapPoint(cam2d.ScreenToWorldPoint(Input.mousePosition), (1<<LayerMask.NameToLayer("xxx"))); if(h) { ... }

3）物理摄像头取色(WebCamTexture)

[csharp] view plaincopyTexture2D exactCamData() { // get the sample pixels Texture2D snap = new Texture2D((int)detectSize.x, (int)detectSize.y); snap.SetPixels(webcamTexture.GetPixels((int)detectStart.x, (int)detectStart.y, (int)detectSize.x, (int)detectSize.y)); snap.Apply(); return snap; }

保存截图：

[csharp] view plaincopySystem.IO.File.WriteAllBytes(Application.dataPath &#; "/test.png", exactCamData().EncodeToPNG());

4) 操作componenent

添加：

[csharp] view plaincopyCircleCollider2D cld = (CircleCollider2D)colorYuan[i].AddComponent(typeof(CircleCollider2D)); cld.radius = 1;

删除：

[csharp] view plaincopyDestroy(transform.gameObject.GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>());

5）动画相关

状态Init到状态fsShake的的条件为：参数shake＝＝true；代码中的写法：

触发fsShake：

[csharp] view plaincopyvoid Awake() { anims = new Animator[(int)FColorType.ColorNum]; } .... if(needShake) { curAnim.SetTrigger("shake"); } 关闭fsShake

[csharp] view plaincopyvoid Update() { .... if(curAnim) { AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo = curAnim.GetCurrentAnimatorStateInfo(0); if(stateInfo.nameHash == Animator.StringToHash("Base Layer.fsShake")) { curAnim.SetBool("shake", false); curAnim = null; print ("======>>>>> stop shake!!!!"); } } .... }

关于Animator.StringToHash函数的说明：

animator的setBool，setTrigger等函数都有两种参数形式，一个接收string，一个接收hash；其实Animator内部是使用hash来记录相应信息的，所以接收string类型的函数内部会帮你调用StringToHash这个函数；所以如果要经常调用setTrigger等，请把参数名称hash化保持以便反复使用，从而提高性能。

在状态机animator中获取animation state 和animation clip的方法（参考 view plaincopypublic static AnimationClip getAnimationClip(Animator anim, string clipName) { UnityEditorInternal.State state = getAnimationState(anim, clipName); return state!=null ? state.GetMotion() as AnimationClip : null; } public static UnityEditorInternal.State getAnimationState(Animator anim, string clipName) { UnityEditorInternal.State state = null; if(anim != null) { UnityEditorInternal.AnimatorController ac = anim.runtimeAnimatorController as UnityEditorInternal.AnimatorController; UnityEditorInternal.StateMachine sm = ac.GetLayer(0).stateMachine; for(int i = 0; i < sm.stateCount; i&#;&#;) { UnityEditorInternal.State _state = sm.GetState(i); if(state.uniqueName.EndsWith("." &#; clipName)) { state = _state; } } } return state; }

6）scene的切换

同步方式：

[csharp] view plaincopyApplication.LoadLevel(currentName);

异步方式：

[csharp] view plaincopyApplication.LoadLevelAsync("ARScene");

7）加载资源

[csharp] view plaincopyResources.Load<Texture>(string.Format("{0}{1:D2}", mPrefix, 5));

8）Tag VS. Layer

－> Tag用来查询对象

－> Layer用来确定哪些物体可以被raycast，还有用在camera render中

9）旋转

transform.eulerAngles 可以访问 rotate的 xyz

[csharp] view plaincopytransform.RotateAround(pivotTransVector, Vector3.up, -0.5f * (tmp-preX) * speed); ）保存数据[csharp] view plaincopyPlayerPrefs.SetInt("isInit_" &#; Application.loadedLevelName, 1);

）动画编码

遍历子对象

[csharp] view plaincopyTransform[] transforms = target.GetComponentsInChildren<Transform>(); for (int i = 0, imax = transforms.Length; i < imax; &#;&#;i) { Transform t = transforms[i]; t.gameObject.SendMessage(functionName, gameObject, SendMessageOptions.DontRequireReceiver); }

)音效的播放

先添加Auido Source， 设置Audio Clip, 也可以在代码中加入。然后在代码中调用audio.Play(), 参考如下代码：

[csharp] view plaincopypublic AudioClip aClip; ... void Start () { ... audio.clip = aClips; audio.Play(); ... }

另外，如果是3d音效的话，需要调整audio Souce中的panLevel才能听到声音，不清楚原因。

）调试技巧(Debug)

可以在OnDrawGizmos函数来进行矩形区域等，达到调试的目的，请参考NGUI中的UIDraggablePanel.cs文件中的那个函数实现。

[csharp] view plaincopy#if UNITY_EDITOR /// <summary> /// Draw a visible orange outline of the bounds. /// </summary> void OnDrawGizmos () { if (mPanel != null) { Bounds b = bounds; Gizmos.matrix = transform.localToWorldMatrix; Gizmos.color = new Color(1f, 0.4f, 0f); Gizmos.DrawWireCube(new Vector3(b.center.x, b.center.y, b.min.z), new Vector3(b.size.x, b.size.y, 0f)); } } #endif

）延时相关( StartCoroutine)

[csharp] view plaincopyStartCoroutine(DestoryPlayer()); ... IEnumerator DestoryPlayer() { Instantiate(explosionPrefab, transform.position, transform.rotation); gameObject.renderer.enabled = false; yield return new WaitForSeconds(1.5f); gameObject.renderer.enabled = true; }

）Random做种子

[csharp] view plaincopyRandom.seed = System.Environment.TickCount; 或者 Random.seed = System.DateTime.Today.Millisecond;

) 调试技巧(debug)，可以把&#;方便地在界面上打印出来

[csharp] view plaincopyvoid OnGUI() { GUI.contentColor = Color.green; GUILayout.Label("deltaTime is: " &#; Time.deltaTime); } ）分发消息

sendMessage, BroadcastMessage等

) 游戏暂停（对timeScale进行设置）

[csharp] view plaincopyTime.timeScale = 0;

) 实例化一个prefab

[csharp] view plaincopyRigidbody2D propInstance = Instantiate(backgroundProp, spawnPos, Quaternion.identity) as Rigidbody2D;

)Lerp函数的使用场景

[csharp] view plaincopy// Set the health bar's colour to proportion of the way between green and red based on the player's health. healthBar.material.color = Color.Lerp(Color.green, Color.red, 1 - health * 0.f);

）在特定位置播放声音

[csharp] view plaincopy// Play the bomb laying sound. AudioSource.PlayClipAtPoint(bombsAway,transform.position);

) 浮点数相等的判断(由于浮点数有误差, 所以判断的时候最好不要用等号,尤其是计算出来的结果)

[csharp] view plaincopyif (Mathf.Approximately(1.0, .0/.0)) print ("same");

）通过脚本修改shader中uniform的&#;

[csharp] view plaincopy//shader的写法 Properties { ... disHeight ("threshold distance", Float) = 3 } SubShader { Pass { CGPROGRAM #pragma vertex vert #pragma fragment frag ... uniform float disHeight; ... // =================================== // 修改shader中的disHeight的&#; gameObject.renderer.sharedMaterial.SetFloat("disHeight", height);

) 获取当前level的名称

[csharp] view plaincopyApplication.loadedLevelName

）双击事件

[csharp] view plaincopyvoid OnGUI() { Event Mouse = Event.current; if ( Mouse.isMouse && Mouse.type == EventType.MouseDown && Mouse.clickCount == 2) { print("Double Click"); } }

) 日期：

[csharp] view plaincopySystem.DateTime dd = System.DateTime.Now; GUILayout.Label(dd.ToString("M/d/yyyy"));

) RootAnimation中移动的脚本处理

[csharp] view plaincopyclass RootControl : MonoBehaviour { void OnAnimatorMove() { Animator anim = GetComponent<Animator>(); if(anim) { Vector3 newPos = transform.position; newPos.z &#;= anim.GetFloat("Runspeed") * Time.deltaTime; transform.position = newPos; } } }

) BillBoard效果（广告牌效果，或者向日葵效果，使得对象重视面向摄像机）

[csharp] view plaincopypublic class BillBoard : MonoBehaviour { // Update is called once per frame void Update () { transform.LookAt(Camera.main.transform.position, -Vector3.up); } }

）script中的属性编辑器（Property Drawers），还可以自定义属性编辑器

参考： view plaincopypublic class Example : MonoBehaviour { public string playerName = "Unnamed"; [Multiline] public string playerBiography = "Please enter your biography"; [Popup ("Warrior", "Mage", "Archer", "Ninja")] public string @class = "Warrior"; [Popup ("Human/Local", "Human/Network", "AI/Easy", "AI/Normal", "AI/Hard")] public string controller; [Range (0, )] public float health = ; [Regex (@"^(?:d{1,3}.){3}d{1,3}$", "Invalid IP address!nExample: '.0.0.1'")] public string serverAddress = "..0.1"; [Compact] public Vector3 forward = Vector3.forward; [Compact] public Vector3 target = new Vector3 (, , ); public ScaledCurve range; public ScaledCurve falloff; [Angle] public float turnRate = (Mathf.PI / 3) * 2; }

)Mobile下面使用lightmapping问题的解决方案

在mobile模式下，lightmapping可能没有反应，可以尝试使用mobile下的shader，可以解决问题。更多请参考： Unity下画线的功能（用于debug）

[csharp] view plaincopyDebug.DrawLine (Vector3.zero, new Vector3 (, 0, 0), Color.red);

）Shader中代码的复用（CGINCLUDE的使用）

[cpp] view plaincopyShader "Self-Illumin/AngryBots/InterlacePatternAdditive" { Properties { _MainTex ("Base", 2D) = "white" {} //... } CGINCLUDE #include "UnityCG.cginc" sampler2D _MainTex; //... struct v2f { half4 pos : SV_POSITION; half2 uv : TEXCOORD0; half2 uv2 : TEXCOORD1; }; v2f vert(appdata_full v) { v2f o; // ... return o; } fixed4 frag( v2f i ) : COLOR { // ... return colorTex; } ENDCG SubShader { Tags {"RenderType" = "Transparent" "Queue" = "Transparent" "Reflection" = "RenderReflectionTransparentAdd" } Cull Off ZWrite Off Blend One One Pass { CGPROGRAM #pragma vertex vert #pragma fragment frag #pragma fragmentoption ARB_precision_hint_fastest ENDCG } } FallBack Off }

)获取AnimationCurve的时长

[csharp] view plaincopy_curve.keys[_curve.length-1].time;

)C#中string转变成byte[]：

[csharp] view plaincopybyte[] b1 = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes (myString); byte[] b2 = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes (myString); System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(sPara) new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(cpara); char[] cpara=new char[bpara.length]; for(int i=0;i <bpara.length;i &#;&#;){char[i]=system.convert.tochar(bpara[i]);}

) 排序

[csharp] view plaincopylist.Sort(delegate(Object a, Object b) { return a.name.CompareTo(b.name); });

) NGUI的相关类关系：

）使得脚本能够在editor中实时反映：

在脚本前加上：[ExecuteInEditMode]， 参考UISprite。

）隐藏相关属性

属性前加上 [HideInInspector]，在shader中也适用;

比如：

[csharp] view plaincopypublic class ResourceLoad : MonoBehaviour { [HideInInspector] public string ressName = "Sphere"; public string baseUrl = " [csharp] view plaincopyShader "stalendp/imageShine" { Properties { [HideInInspector] _image ("image", 2D) = "white" {} _percent ("_percent", Range(-5, 5)) = 1 _angle("_angle", Range(0, 1)) = 0 }

）属性的序列化

可被序列化的属性，可以显示在Inspector面板上（可以使用HideInInspector来隐藏）；public属性默认是可被序列化的，private默认是不可序列化的。使得private属性可被序列化，可以使用[SerializeField]来修饰。如下：

[csharp] view plaincopy[SerializeField] private string ressName = "Sphere";

）Shader编译的多样化（Making multiple shader program variants）

shader通常如下的写法：

）AngryBots中的showFPS代码：

Unity3d实现的十字路口的模拟（四） ok，我们已经知道我们的预制物体都是怎么个结构了，下面我们就来说一下，具体的随机创造车辆的函数，我是把这个脚本放到了我的地形这个物体上，

Unity3d实现的十字路口的模拟（五） 这一节我们来说一下红绿灯的控制和总结一下经验。红绿灯的模型，本来也是想要在网上下载结果找来半天没有找到相应的资源，于是就自己用3dmax做了

Unity3D 4.6.3之游戏物体的激活与暂停 在游戏开发时有时会将游戏物体激活或者暂停以达到预期效果，但是当临时用GameObject.Find(gameobject).setActive(false)暂停游戏物体后，若在其他地方再想通过