详解Linux中获取全球唯一标示符UUID的方法(linux获取操作命令的使用方法)

这篇文章主要介绍了Linux中获取全球唯一标示符UUID的方法,UUID经常被用于分布式系统中,需要的朋友可以参考下... 16-02-26

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UUID(Universally Unique IDentifiers),全球唯一标示符.它是一个标识系统中的存储设备的字符串,使其确定系统中的所有存储设备。

为什么要使用UUID？因为系统自动分配的设备名称并非总是一致的,它们依赖于启动时内核加载模块的顺序.相同的名称可能代表不同的硬盘分区.如果每个分区有一个唯一的UUID值,尤其是在grub中的kernel设置,这样就不会发生分区识别混乱的问题.

下面介绍几种方法来获得UUID.

1.最简单的方法就是使用blkid命令,它主要用来对系统的块设备(包括交换分区)所使用的文件系统类型,LABEL,UUID等信息查询. 使用这个命令需要安装e2fsprogs包.

代码如下:root@10.1.1.200:~# dpkg -l | grep e2fsprogsii e2fsprogs 1.41.3-1 ext2/ext3/ext4 file system utilitiesii libuuid-perl 0.02-4 Perl extension for using UUID interfaces as defined in e2fsprogsroot@10.1.1.200:~# blkid /dev/sda1: UUID="b20e80f1-c88d-4918-9d9b-75cd7906629e" TYPE="ext3"/dev/sda5: TYPE="swap" UUID="1fb3d17b-b2fe-470d-b39c-f00c4a30efbf"/dev/sda6: UUID="c7050200-7efb-468c-81d1-a3add309bee1" TYPE="ext3" SEC_TYPE="ext2"/dev/sda7: UUID="934e4e22-3431-4707-8d47-dca47e76f448" TYPE="xfs"/dev/hioa: UUID="de0af117-ad92-4867-aa21-3e7d423e8864" TYPE="xfs"root@10.1.1.200:~# blkid /dev/sda1/dev/sda1: UUID="b20e80f1-c88d-4918-9d9b-75cd7906629e" TYPE="ext3"root@10.1.1.200:~# cat /etc/blkid.tab<device DEVNO="0x0801" TIME="1364787338" UUID="b20e80f1-c88d-4918-9d9b-75cd7906629e" TYPE="ext3">/dev/sda1</device><device DEVNO="0x0805" TIME="1364787338" TYPE="swap" UUID="1fb3d17b-b2fe-470d-b39c-f00c4a30efbf">/dev/sda5</device><device DEVNO="0x0806" TIME="1364787338" UUID="c7050200-7efb-468c-81d1-a3add309bee1" TYPE="ext3" SEC_TYPE="ext2">/dev/sda6</device><device DEVNO="0x0807" TIME="1364787338" UUID="934e4e22-3431-4707-8d47-dca47e76f448" TYPE="xfs">/dev/sda7</device><device DEVNO="0xfd00" TIME="1364787338" UUID="de0af117-ad92-4867-aa21-3e7d423e8864" TYPE="xfs">/dev/hioa</device>

2.通过浏览/dev/disk/by-uuid/下的设备文件信息.

代码如下:root@10.1.1.200:~# ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/total 0lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2013-03-19 11:01 1fb3d17b-b2fe-470d-b39c-f00c4a30efbf -> ../../sda5lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2013-03-19 11:01 934e4e22-3431-4707-8d47-dca47e76f448 -> ../../sda7lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2013-03-19 11:01 b20e80f1-c88d-4918-9d9b-75cd7906629e -> ../../sda1lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2013-03-19 11:01 c7050200-7efb-468c-81d1-a3add309bee1 -> ../../sda6lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2013-03-19 11:02 de0af117-ad92-4867-aa21-3e7d423e8864 -> ../../hioaroot@10.1.1.200:~# ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/ | grep sda1 | awk '{print $8}'b20e80f1-c88d-4918-9d9b-75cd7906629e

3.通过vol_id命令查看

代码如下:root@10.1.1.200:~# vol_id /dev/sda1ID_FS_USAGE=filesystemID_FS_TYPE=ext3ID_FS_VERSION=1.0ID_FS_UUID=b20e80f1-c88d-4918-9d9b-75cd7906629eID_FS_UUID_ENC=b20e80f1-c88d-4918-9d9b-75cd7906629eID_FS_LABEL=ID_FS_LABEL_ENC=ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE=root@10.1.1.200:~# vol_id /dev/sda1 | grep 'UUID'ID_FS_UUID=b20e80f1-c88d-4918-9d9b-75cd7906629eID_FS_UUID_ENC=b20e80f1-c88d-4918-9d9b-75cd7906629e、

4.使用tune2fs,,它是linux下文件系统调整工具

代码如下:root@10.1.1.200:~# tune2fs -l /dev/sda1tune2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008)Filesystem volume name: <none>Last mounted on: <not available>Filesystem UUID: b20e80f1-c88d-4918-9d9b-75cd7906629eFilesystem magic number: 0xEF53Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery sparse_super large_fileFilesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: (none)Filesystem state: cleanErrors behavior: ContinueFilesystem OS type: LinuxInode count: 1864128Block count: 7442103Reserved block count: 372105Free blocks: 6884819Free inodes: 1712582First block: 0root@10.1.1.200:~# tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 | grep 'UUID'Filesystem UUID: b20e80f1-c88d-4918-9d9b-75cd7906629e

这里额外在看下tune2fs一些常用参数:

代码如下:root@192.168.2.80:~# tune2fs --helptune2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008)tune2fs: invalid option -- '-'Usage: tune2fs [-e errors_behavior] [-g group]

[-i interval[d|m|w]] 文件系统的检查间隔时间,系统在达到时间间隔,自动检查文件系统.[-j] [-J journal_options] 转换文件系统[-l] 显示文件系统参数[-m reserved_blocks_percent] 设置保留的空间百分比[-o [^]mount_options[,...]] 设置默认加载参数.[-c max_mounts_count] 表示文件系统在mount次数达到设定后，需要运行fsck检查文件系统。

通常如果使用ext3文件系统的话，使用-c 0关掉mount次数达到后的文件系统检查。禁止强制的文件系统检查：

代码如下:root@10.1.1.200:~# tune2fs -i0 -c0 /dev/sda1tune2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008)Setting maximal mount count to -1Setting interval between checks to 0 seconds

还有一个dump2fs也是文件系统调整的工具.

dump2fs显示当前的磁盘状态:

代码如下:root@10.1.1.200:~# dumpe2fs /dev/sda1Filesystem volume name: <none>Last mounted on: <not available>Filesystem UUID: b20e80f1-c88d-4918-9d9b-75cd7906629eFilesystem magic number: 0xEF53Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery sparse_super large_fileFilesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: (none)Filesystem state: cleanErrors behavior: ContinueFilesystem OS type: LinuxInode count: 1864128Block count: 7442103Reserved block count: 372105Free blocks: 6884819Free inodes: 1712582First block: 0Block size: 4096Fragment size: 4096Reserved GDT blocks: 1022Blocks per group: 32768Fragments per group: 32768Inodes per group: 8176Inode blocks per group: 511Filesystem created: Fri Nov 16 15:36:59 2012Last mount time: Tue Mar 19 11:02:58 2013Last write time: Wed Mar 27 14:09:25 2013Mount count: 17Maximum mount count: -1Last checked: Fri Nov 16 15:36:59 2012Check interval: 0 (<none>)Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)First inode: 11Inode size: 256Required extra isize: 28Desired extra isize: 28Journal inode: 8First orphan inode: 1618875Default directory hash: half_md4Directory Hash Seed: 3090ccf1-625c-4934-9ec4-be3f74767f98Journal backup: inode blocksJournal size: 128M 代码如下:Group 0: (Blocks 0-32767) Primary superblock at 0, Group descriptors at 1-2 Reserved GDT blocks at 3-1024 Block bitmap at 1025 (+1025), Inode bitmap at 1026 (+1026) Inode table at 1027-1537 (+1027)0 free blocks, 8152 free inodes, 2 directories Free blocks: Free inodes: 22, 25, 27-8176Group 1: (Blocks 32768-65535) Backup superblock at 32768, Group descriptors at 32769-32770 Reserved GDT blocks at 32771-33792 Block bitmap at 33793 (+1025), Inode bitmap at 33794 (+1026) Inode table at 33795-34305 (+1027) 3 free blocks, 8176 free inodes, 0 directories Free blocks: 34309-34311 Free inodes: 8177-16352Group 2: (Blocks 65536-98303) Block bitmap at 65536 (+0), Inode bitmap at 65537 (+1) Inode table at 65538-66048 (+2) 7 free blocks, 8176 free inodes, 0 directories Free blocks: 66049-66055 Free inodes: 16353-24528Group 3: (Blocks 98304-131071) Backup superblock at 98304, Group descriptors at 98305-98306 Reserved GDT blocks at 98307-99328 Block bitmap at 99329 (+1025), Inode bitmap at 99330 (+1026) Inode table at 99331-99841 (+1027) 6 free blocks, 8176 free inodes, 0 directories Free blocks: 99842-99847 Free inodes: 24529-32704Group 4: (Blocks 131072-163839) Block bitmap at 131072 (+0), Inode bitmap at 131073 (+1) Inode table at 131074-131584 (+2) 63 free blocks, 0 free inodes, 0 directories Free blocks: 132074-132079, 133643-133647, 135671, 137739-137743, 139811-139815, 141814-141815, 143879, 145922-145927, 147933-147935, 150022-150023, 152071, 154107-154111, 156169-156175, 158202-158207, 160251-160255, 162293-162295 Free inodes: Group 5: (Blocks 163840-196607) Backup superblock at 163840, Group descriptors at 163841-163842 Reserved GDT blocks at 163843-164864 Block bitmap at 164865 (+1025), Inode bitmap at 164866 (+1026) Inode table at 164867-165377 (+1027) 0 free blocks, 8130 free inodes, 0 directories Free blocks: Free inodes: 40881, 40928-49056