Yolov5/Yolov7加入Yolov8 c2f模块，涨点(yolov教程)

Yolov5/Yolov7加入Yolov8 c2f模块，涨点 1.Yolov8简介

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        Ultralytics YOLOv8 是由 Ultralytics 开发的一个前沿的 SOTA 模型。它在以前成功的 YOLO 版本基础上，引入了新的功能和改进，进一步提升了其性能和灵活性。YOLOv8 基于快速、准确和易于使用的设计理念，使其成为广泛的目标检测、图像分割和图像分类任务的绝佳选择。

下表为官方在 COCO Val 2017 数据集上测试的 mAP、参数量和 FLOPs 结果。可以看出 YOLOv8 相比 YOLOv5 精度提升非常多，但是 N/S/M 模型相应的参数量和 FLOPs 都增加了不少；

模型尺寸 （像素）mAPval 50-95推理速度 CPU ONNX (ms)推理速度 A100 TensorRT (ms)参数量 (M)FLOPs (B)YOLOv8n64037.380.40.993.28.7YOLOv8s64044.9128.41.2011.228.6YOLOv8m64050.2234.71.8325.978.9YOLOv8l64052.9375.22.3943.7165.2YOLOv8x64053.9479.13.5368.2257.81.1 Yolov8优化点：

      将 YOLOv5 的C3结构换成了梯度流更丰富的 C2f结构，并对不同尺度模型调整了不同的通道数

C3模块的结构图，然后再对比与C2f的具体的区别。针对C3模块，其主要是借助CSPNet提取分流的思想，同时结合残差结构的思想，设计了C3 Block，CSP主分支梯度模块为BottleNeck模块。同时堆叠的个数由参数n来进行控制，也就是说不同规模的模型，n的值是有变化的。

C3模块的Pytorch的实现如下：

class C3(nn.Module): # CSP Bottleneck with 3 convolutions def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5): # ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion super().__init__() c_ = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1) self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1) self.cv3 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1) # optional act=FReLU(c2) self.m = nn.Sequential(*(Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0) for _ in range(n))) def forward(self, x): return self.cv3(torch.cat((self.m(self.cv1(x)), self.cv2(x)), 1))

C2f模块的结构图如下：

       C2f模块就是参考了C3模块以及ELAN的思想进行的设计，让YOLOv8可以在保证轻量化的同时获得更加丰富的梯度流信息。

class C2f(nn.Module): # CSP Bottleneck with 2 convolutions def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=False, g=1, e=0.5): # ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion super().__init__() self.c = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels self.cv1 = Conv(c1, 2 * self.c, 1, 1) self.cv2 = Conv((2 + n) * self.c, c2, 1) # optional act=FReLU(c2) self.m = nn.ModuleList(Bottleneck(self.c, self.c, shortcut, g, k=((3, 3), (3, 3)), e=1.0) for _ in range(n)) def forward(self, x): y = list(self.cv1(x).split((self.c, self.c), 1)) y.extend(m(y[-1]) for m in self.m) return self.cv2(torch.cat(y, 1))  2.涨点技巧：Yolov5加入C2F提升小目标检测精度2.1 Yolov5网络结构图2.2 加入C2f代码修改位置

1)将如下代码添加到common.py中：

class v8_C2fBottleneck(nn.Module): # Standard bottleneck def __init__(self, c1, c2, shortcut=True, g=1, k=(3, 3), e=0.5): # ch_in, ch_out, shortcut, groups, kernels, expand super().__init__() c_ = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, k[0], 1) self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c2, k[1], 1, g=g) self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2 def forward(self, x): return x + self.cv2(self.cv1(x)) if self.add else self.cv2(self.cv1(x))class C2f(nn.Module): # CSP Bottleneck with 2 convolutions def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=False, g=1, e=0.5): # ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion super().__init__() self.c = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels self.cv1 = Conv(c1, 2 * self.c, 1, 1) self.cv2 = Conv((2 + n) * self.c, c2, 1) # optional act=FReLU(c2) self.m = nn.ModuleList(v8_C2fBottleneck(self.c, self.c, shortcut, g, k=((3, 3), (3, 3)), e=1.0) for _ in range(n)) def forward(self, x): y = list(self.cv1(x).split((self.c, self.c), 1)) y.extend(m(y[-1]) for m in self.m) return self.cv2(torch.cat(y, 1))

 2)在yolo.py中添加C2f（PS:快速搜索C3对应位置）

 2.3 修改配置文件yolov8s.yaml

1）加入backbone

# YOLOv5 🚀 by Ultralytics, GPL-3.0 license# Parametersnc: 80 # number of classesdepth_multiple: 0.33 # model depth multiplewidth_multiple: 0.50 # layer channel multipleanchors: - [10,13, 16,30, 33,23] # P3/8 - [30,61, 62,45, 59,119] # P4/16 - [116,90, 156,198, 373,326] # P5/32# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbonebackbone: # [from, number, module, args] [[-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2 ]], # 0-P1/2 [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4 [-1, 3, C2f, [128, True]], [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8 [-1, 6, C2f, [256, True]], [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16 [-1, 6, C2f, [512, True]], [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32 [-1, 3, C2f, [1024, True]], [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024]] ]# YOLOv5 v6.0 headhead: [[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]], [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']], [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4 [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13 [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]], [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']], [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3 [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small) [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4 [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium) [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5 [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large) [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5) ]

改进后的网络图

2) 加入head

# YOLOv5 🚀 by Ultralytics, GPL-3.0 license# Parametersnc: 80 # number of classesdepth_multiple: 0.33 # model depth multiplewidth_multiple: 0.50 # layer channel multipleanchors: - [10,13, 16,30, 33,23] # P3/8 - [30,61, 62,45, 59,119] # P4/16 - [116,90, 156,198, 373,326] # P5/32# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbonebackbone: # [from, number, module, args] [[-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2 [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4 [-1, 3, C3, [128]], [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8 [-1, 6, C3, [256]], [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16 [-1, 9, C3, [512]], [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32 [-1, 3, C3, [1024]], [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9 ]# YOLOv5 v6.0 headhead: [[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]], [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']], [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4 [-1, 3, C2f, [512, False]], # 13 [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]], [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']], [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3 [-1, 3, C2f, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small) [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4 [-1, 3, C2f, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium) [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5 [-1, 3, C2f, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large) [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5) ]3.总结

针对小目标等提升精度较显著