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推荐整理分享axios-前后端数据交互流程(前端axios是什么),希望有所帮助,仅作参考,欢迎阅读内容。
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第一步:安装axios (前端)第二步:创建utils/request.js文件由于axios会自动转换JSON数据,那么前台post请求传给后台的数据就是json字符串,但是后台的getParameter..方法是根据key找value的,所以后台要求数据必须是键值对的方式,配置该文件可以实现前台传给后台的数据是键值对的方式
import axios from 'axios'import qs from 'qs'/** * axios的传参方式: * 1.url 传参 一般用于Get和Delete 实现方式:config.params={JSON} * 2.body传参 实现方式:config.data = {JSON},且请求头为:headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8' } * 3.表单传参 实现方式:config.data = qs.stringify({JSON}),且请求头为:且请求头为:headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8' } */// axios实例const $http = axios.create({baseURL: 'http://localhost:8080/',timeout: 60000,headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8' }})// 请求拦截器$http.interceptors.request.use((config) => {// 追加时间戳,防止GET请求缓存if (config.method?.toUpperCase() === 'GET') {config.params = { ...config.params, t: new Date().getTime() }}if (Object.values(config.headers).includes('application/x-www-form-urlencoded')) {config.data = qs.stringify(config.data)}return config},error => {return Promise.reject(error)})// 响应拦截器$http.interceptors.response.use(response => {const res = response.datareturn res},error => {return Promise.reject(error)})// cros 跨域是否允许凭证$http.defaults.withCredentials = true;// 导出 axios 实例export default $http第三步:在main.js文件中配置axios下载了axios必须得导入引用才可以使用,注意一点:必须全部写在挂载函数mount()之前 这里$http为reque.js中暴露出来的
第四步:配置跨域解决方案filter (后端)对所有的网址进行拦截,设置好跨域请求后再释放
@WebFilter(filterName = "AllFilter",urlPatterns = "/*")public class AllFilter implements Filter { public void destroy() { } public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException { HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp; HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;// response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*"); //允许所有的域名访问 // 允许携带cookie response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin",request.getHeader("origin")); response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, GET, PUT, PATCH, DELETE"); //允许的提交方式 response.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600"); //最大有效时间 response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "x-requested-with, Content-Type, Accept, Origin"); //允许那些请求头 response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true"); //是否支持ajax提交cookie chain.doFilter(req, resp); } public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException { }}第五步:在页面传数据发请求 (前端)如果是get请求那么请求参数是通过url传递的 也就是
this.$axios.get("https://localhost:8080/login?user="+this.user+"&&password="+this.password).then(...)如果是post请求那么请求参数通过对象的方式传递
第六步:编写Servlet (后端)匹配请求的网址,对请求作出相应的操作,需要用到请求码和消息所以会封装几个类,实现响应给前台数据的一致,便于前台拿数据 Servlet: 使用JSON对象必须添加fastjson的jar包到lib目录下
@WebServlet(name = "LoginServlet2",urlPatterns = "/login")public class LoginServlet2 extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request,response); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // 注意 : 这里跟之前的不一样,需要改成json格式 response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8"); String user = request.getParameter("user"); String password = request.getParameter("password"); LoginService loginService = new LoginServiceImpl(); User user1 = loginService.logintoUser(user, password); PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter(); String json=""; if (user1!=null){ //登录成功 ResponseData<User> responseData = ResponseDataUtil.buildOk(user1); json = JSON.toJSONString(responseData); }else{ json = JSON.toJSONString(ResponseDataUtil.buildOk(ResultEnums.LOGIN_FAIL)); } writer.print(json); // 刷新,用于大文件 writer.flush(); }}请求码的属性类
public class Meta { private int status; private String msg; public int getStatus() { return status; } public void setStatus(int status) { this.status = status; } public String getMsg() { return msg; } public void setMsg(String msg) { this.msg = msg; }}各种请求码及信息的枚举类
public enum ResultEnums { OK(200, "请求成功"), CREATED(201, "创建成功"), DELETED(204, "删除成功"), UPDATED(205, "修改成功"), BAD_REQUEST(400, "请求的地址不存在或者包含不支持的参数"), UNAUTHORIZED(401,"未授权"), FORBIDDEN(403,"被禁止访问"), LOGIN_FAIL(414,"用户名或者密码错误"), NOT_FOUND(404,"请求的资源不存在"), UNPROCESABLE_ENTITY(422,"[POST/PUT/PATCH] 当创建一个对象时,发生一个验证错误"), INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR(500,"内部错误"); private int status; private String msg; ResultEnums(int status, String msg) { this.status = status; this.msg = msg; } public int getStatus() { return status; } public void setStatus(int status) { this.status = status; } public String getMsg() { return msg; } public void setMsg(String msg) { this.msg = msg; }}响应数据类
package com.ww.web.VuePag;import java.io.Serializable;/** * <p>Title: ${file_name}</p> * <p>Description: </p> * <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2020</p> * <p>Company: www.baidudu.com</p> * * @author suke * @version 1.0 * @date ${date} */public class ResponseData<T> implements Serializable { private Meta meta = new Meta(); private T data; public ResponseData(int status, String msg, T data) { this.meta.setStatus(status); this.meta.setMsg(msg); this.data = data; } public ResponseData(int status, String msg) { this.meta.setStatus(status); this.meta.setMsg(msg); } public ResponseData(ResultEnums resultEnums) { this.meta.setStatus(resultEnums.getStatus()); this.meta.setMsg(resultEnums.getMsg()); } public ResponseData(ResultEnums resultEnums, T data) { this.meta.setStatus(resultEnums.getStatus()); this.meta.setMsg(resultEnums.getMsg()); this.data = data; } public ResponseData() { } public Meta getMeta() { return this.meta; } public void setMeta(Meta meta) { this.meta = meta; } public T getData() { return data; } public void setData(T data) { this.data = data; }}创建响应数据的工具类
/** * 带实体的统一返回 * data 实体 * <T> 实体类型 * */public class ResponseDataUtil { public static ResponseData buildOk(String msg) { return new ResponseData(ResultEnums.OK.getStatus(), msg); } public static <T> ResponseData buildOk(T data) { return new ResponseData<T>(ResultEnums.OK, data); } public static <T> ResponseData<T> buildOk(String msg,T data) { return new ResponseData(ResultEnums.OK.getStatus(), msg,data); } public static ResponseData buildOk(int status , String msg) { return new ResponseData(status, msg); } public static <T> ResponseData buildOk(int status, String msg, T data) { return new ResponseData<T>(status, msg, data); } public static ResponseData buildOk(ResultEnums resultEnums) { return new ResponseData(resultEnums); } public static <T> ResponseData buildCreate(T data) { return new ResponseData<T>(ResultEnums.CREATED, data); } public static <T> ResponseData buildDelete(T data) { return new ResponseData<T>(ResultEnums.DELETED, data); } public static <T> ResponseData buildUpdate(T data) { return new ResponseData<T>(ResultEnums.UPDATED, data); }}第七步:完善第五步中的请求对响应回来的数据作出后续操作
login() {var that = this; // 因为then中的是箭头函数,箭头函数this指向window,所以需要在开始时获取并赋值this.$axios.post('login', {user: that.user,password: that.password}).then(function (response) {// 处理成功情况console.log(response);if (response.meta.status === 200) {// 登录成功// 将接收回来的对象存放到本地存储中let admin = response.data;localStorage.setItem("token", admin.username)// 跳转页面that.$router.push({name: "index",// 将参数带入index页面query: {username: admin.username}})} else {// 登录失败alert(response.meta.msg);}}).catch(function (error) {// 处理错误情况 500alert("服务器出错")});}使用注解使password反序列化下一篇:Vue3创建项目(四)main.js配置,避坑指南(vuecli3创建项目的过程)
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