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如果我们接收到的是一个json字符串,我们该如何对该字符串进行解析?
方式一:使用实体类进行解析方式二:使用map进行解析使用的依赖jar包:fastjson
compile('com.alibaba:fastjson:1.2.xx')02.对json字符串进行解析使用实体类进行解析创建一个用于接收的实体类:使用json字符串中的那些字段,实体类的属性值一定要和JSON串中的key对应
假设JSON字符串如下:
"{\"bornTime\":\"2022-09-30 19:48:59\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"age\":18}"对应的实体类属性就应该定义成如下的样子:
public class PersonInfoDto { private Date bornTime; private String userName; private String sex; private Integer age; public Date getBornTime() { return bornTime; } public void setBornTime(Date bornTime) { this.bornTime = bornTime; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public String getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return "PersonInfoDto{" + "bornTime=" + bornTime + ", userName='" + userName + '\'' + ", sex='" + sex + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}'; }}代码示例:
public class test01 { public static void main(String[] args) { String jsonStr = "{\"bornTime\":\"2022-09-30 19:48:59\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"age\":18}"; PersonInfoDto personInfoDto = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr, PersonInfoDto.class); System.out.println(personInfoDto.toString()); }}运行结果:
PersonInfoDto{bornTime=Fri Sep 30 19:48:59 CST 2022, userName='AISMALL', sex='man', age=18}使用实体类解析拓展public class test01 { public static void main(String[] args) { // json串里面的key与实体类字段匹配几个就会赋值几个,匹配不上的赋值为null String jsonStr1 ="{\"bornTime\":\"2022-09-30 19:48:59\"}"; PersonInfoDto personInfoDto1 = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr1, PersonInfoDto.class); System.out.println("personInfoDto1: " + personInfoDto1); // json串中出现重复的字段,就会使用后者进行覆盖 String jsonStr2 ="{\"bornTime\":\"2022-09-30 19:48:59\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL2\"}"; PersonInfoDto personInfoDto2 = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr2, PersonInfoDto.class); System.out.println("personInfoDto2: " + personInfoDto2); // json串里面的key与实体类字段匹配几个就会赋值几个,不管该传有多长,只取匹配到的key的value给实体类赋值 String jsonStr3 ="{\"bornTime\":\"2022-09-30 19:48:59\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"age\":18,\"age2\":18}"; PersonInfoDto personInfoDto3 = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr3,PersonInfoDto.class); System.out.println("personInfoDto3: " + personInfoDto3); // 刚好对应的情况 String jsonStr4="{\"bornTime\":\"2022-09-30 19:48:59\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL\",\"sex\":\"man\",\"age\":18}"; PersonInfoDto personInfoDto4 = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr4, PersonInfoDto.class); System.out.println("personInfoDto4: " + personInfoDto4); }}运行结果:
personInfoDto1: PersonInfoDto{bornTime=Fri Sep 30 19:48:59 CST 2022, userName='null', sex='null', age=null}personInfoDto2: PersonInfoDto{bornTime=Fri Sep 30 19:48:59 CST 2022, userName='AISMALL2', sex='null', age=null}personInfoDto3: PersonInfoDto{bornTime=Fri Sep 30 19:48:59 CST 2022, userName='AISMALL', sex='man', age=18}personInfoDto4: PersonInfoDto{bornTime=Fri Sep 30 19:48:59 CST 2022, userName='AISMALL', sex='man', age=18}小结
json串里面的key与实体类字段匹配几个就会赋值几个,不管该传有多长,只取匹配到的key的value给实体类赋值,匹配不上的赋值为null。json串中出现重复的字段,就会使用后者进行覆盖。使用map进行解析public class test01 { public static void main(String[] args) { // json字符串 String jsonStr = "{\"age\":18,\"sex\":\"man1\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL1\"}"; //====================方式一============================== Map maps = (Map)JSON.parse(jsonStr); for (Object map : maps.entrySet()) { System.out.println(((Map.Entry)map).getKey()+": " + ((Map.Entry)map).getValue()); } //====================方式二============================== Map mapTypes =JSON.parseObject(jsonStr); for(Object obj :mapTypes.keySet()){ System.out.println("key: " + obj + " value: " + mapTypes.get(obj)); } //====================方式三============================== Map mapType = JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, Map.class); System.out.println("这个是用JSON类,指定解析类型,来解析JSON字符串!!!"); for(Object obj :mapType.keySet()){ System.out.println("key: " + obj + " value: " + mapType.get(obj)); } //====================方式四============================== Map json =(Map)JSONObject.parse(jsonStr); //用Json对象解析成Map类型 for (Object map : json.entrySet()){ System.out.println(((Map.Entry)map).getKey() + ": "+((Map.Entry)map).getValue()); } //====================方式五============================== JSONObject jsonobject = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr); for(Object map:jsonobject.entrySet()){ System.out.println(((Map.Entry)map).getKey()+": "+((Map.Entry)map).getValue()); } }}03.Map和json字符串的互相转换3.1.json字符串转换为Map参考:使用map进行解析
3.2.Map转换为json字符串public class test01 { public static void main(String[] args) { // 创建一个Hashmap Map<String, Object> paraMap = new HashMap(); paraMap.put("userName","AISMALL"); paraMap.put("sex","man"); paraMap.put("age",18); // 方式一:转换为json字符串 String jsonStr = JSONObject.toJSONString(paraMap); System.out.println("jsonStr: " + jsonStr); // 方式二:转换为json字符串 String jsonStr2 = Json.toJson(paraMap); System.out.println("jsonStr2: " + jsonStr2); }}运行结果:
jsonStr: {"sex":"man","userName":"AISMALL","age":18}jsonStr2: {"sex":"man","userName":"AISMALL","age":18}04.json操作的一些小技巧4.1.json字符转换为实体类前面已经介绍了:
JSONObject.parseObject(jsonString, PersonInfoDto .class);4.2.实体类转json字符串public class test01 { public static void main(String[] args) { Date date = new Date(); // 创建一个Date对象,获取当前时间 SimpleDateFormat f = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); // 指定格式化格式 f.format(date); // 将当前时间袼式化为指定的格式 PersonInfoDto personInfoDto = new PersonInfoDto(); personInfoDto.setBornTime(date); personInfoDto.setUserName("AISMALL"); personInfoDto.setSex("man"); personInfoDto.setAge(18); String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(personInfoDto); System.out.println(jsonStr); }}运行结果:
{"age":18,"bornTime":1665113383685,"sex":"man","userName":"AISMALL"}4.3.json字符串转换为json对象public class test01 { public static void main(String[] args) { // json字符串 String jsonStr = "{\"test\":\"test\",\"Result\":[{\"Result1\":\"Result1\",\"Detail1\":\"Detail1\"},{\"Result2\":\"Result2\",\"Detail2\":\"Detail2\"},{\"Result3\":\"Result3\",\"Detail3\":\"Detail3\"}]}"; // json字符串转换为jsonObject JSONObject jSONObject = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr); System.out.println(jSONObject); // 根据Key取出Json对象中的值 String testStr = jSONObject.getString("test"); System.out.println("testStr: " + testStr); }}运行结果:
{"test":"test","Result":[{"Detail1":"Detail1","Result1":"Result1"},{"Detail2":"Detail2","Result2":"Result2"},{"Detail3":"Detail3","Result3":"Result3"}]}testStr: test注意:
Json对象和Json字符串的区别在于,Json对象(JSONObject)里面有很多定义好的方法可以帮助我们根据Key取出Json对象中的值,后面我们也会演示几个JSONObject提供的方法。4.4.json对象转换为json字符串public class test01 { public static void main(String[] args) { // json字符串 String jsonStr = "{\"test\":\"test\",\"Result\":[{\"Detail1\":\"Detail1\",\"Result1\":\"Result1\"},{\"Detail2\":\"Detail2\",\"Result2\":\"Result2\"},{\"Detail3\":\"Detail3\",\"Result3\":\"Result3\"}]}"; // json字符串转换为jsonObject JSONObject jSONObject = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr); // json对象转换为json字符串 String jsonObjectConv = JSON.toJSONString(jSONObject); System.out.println(jsonObjectConv); }}运行结果:
{"test":"test","Result":[{"Detail1":"Detail1","Result1":"Result1"},{"Detail2":"Detail2","Result2":"Result2"},{"Detail3":"Detail3","Result3":"Result3"}]}4.5.json字符串数组转换json数组注意:json字符串数组,即String是JSONArray格式的字符串
public class test01 { public static void main(String[] args) { // json字符串数组 String jsonArr = "[{\"Detail1\":\"Detail1\",\"Result1\":\"Result1\"},{\"Detail2\":\"Detail2\",\"Result2\":\"Result2\"},{\"Detail3\":\"Detail3\",\"Result3\":\"Result3\"}]"; JSONArray jsonArray= JSONArray.parseArray(jsonArr); // 转换成Json字符串数组之后,就可以遍历了,字符串是无法遍历的 for (Object jsonStr:jsonArray) { System.out.println(jsonStr); } }}运行结果:
{"Detail1":"Detail1","Result1":"Result1"}{"Detail2":"Detail2","Result2":"Result2"}{"Detail3":"Detail3","Result3":"Result3"}4.6.List<实体类>转json数组public class test01 { public static void main(String[] args) { PersonInfoDto personInfoDto1 = new PersonInfoDto(); personInfoDto1.setUserName("AISMALL1"); personInfoDto1.setSex("man1"); personInfoDto1.setAge(18); PersonInfoDto personInfoDto2 = new PersonInfoDto(); personInfoDto2.setUserName("AISMALL2"); personInfoDto2.setSex("man2"); personInfoDto2.setAge(19); List<PersonInfoDto> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(personInfoDto1); list.add(personInfoDto2); // 转换为json字符串 String jsonStr = JSONObject.toJSONString(list); System.out.println("jsonStr: " + jsonStr); // json字符串转换为json数组 JSONArray jsonArray= JSONArray.parseArray(jsonStr); // 转换成Json字符串数组之后,就可以遍历了,字符串是无法遍历的 for (Object jsonStr1:jsonArray) { System.out.println(jsonStr1); } }}运行结果:
jsonStr: [{"age":18,"sex":"man1","userName":"AISMALL1"},{"age":19,"sex":"man2","userName":"AISMALL2"}]{"sex":"man1","userName":"AISMALL1","age":18}{"sex":"man2","userName":"AISMALL2","age":19}4.7.json数组转List<实体类>public class test01 { public static void main(String[] args) { // json字符串数组 String jsonStr = "[{\"age\":18,\"sex\":\"man1\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL1\"},{\"age\":19,\"sex\":\"man2\",\"userName\":\"AISMALL2\"}]"; System.out.println("jsonStr: " + jsonStr); // json字符串转换为json数组 JSONArray jsonArray= JSONArray.parseArray(jsonStr); List<PersonInfoDto> personInfoDtoList = jsonArray.toJavaList(PersonInfoDto.class); for (PersonInfoDto personInfoDto:personInfoDtoList) { System.out.println("personInfoDto: " + personInfoDto); } }}运行结果:
jsonStr: [{"age":18,"sex":"man1","userName":"AISMALL1"},{"age":19,"sex":"man2","userName":"AISMALL2"}]personInfoDto: PersonInfoDto{bornTime=null, userName='AISMALL1', sex='man1', age=18}personInfoDto: PersonInfoDto{bornTime=null, userName='AISMALL2', sex='man2', age=19}05.josnObject操作的一些小技巧JSONObject如下:
{ "test": "test", "Result": [ { "Result1": "Result1", "Detail1": "Detail1" }, { "Result2": "Result2", "Detail2": "Detail2" }, { "Result3": "Result3", "Detail3": "Detail3" } ]}5.1.JSONObject中的数组提取为JSONArraypublic class test01 { public static void main(String[] args) { // json字符串 String jsonStr = "{\"test\":\"test\",\"Result\":[{\"Result1\":\"Result1\",\"Detail1\":\"Detail1\"},{\"Result2\":\"Result2\",\"Detail2\":\"Detail2\"},{\"Result3\":\"Result3\",\"Detail3\":\"Detail3\"}]}"; // json字符串转换为jsonObject JSONObject jSONObject = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr); // 获取里面的Json字符串数组 JSONArray jsonArray = jSONObject.getJSONArray("Result"); // 转换成Json字符串数组之后,就可以遍历了,字符串是无法遍历的 for (Object jsonStr2:jsonArray) { System.out.println(jsonStr2); } }}运行结果
[{"Detail1":"Detail1","Result1":"Result1"},{"Detail2":"Detail2","Result2":"Result2"},{"Detail3":"Detail3","Result3":"Result3"}]5.2.JSONObject获取valuepublic class test01 { public static void main(String[] args) { // json字符串 String jsonStr = "{\"test\":\"test\",\"Result\":[{\"Result1\":\"Result1\",\"Detail1\":\"Detail1\"},{\"Result2\":\"Result2\",\"Detail2\":\"Detail2\"},{\"Result3\":\"Result3\",\"Detail3\":\"Detail3\"}]}"; // json字符串转换为jsonObject JSONObject jSONObject = JSONObject.parseObject(jsonStr); // 返回值为String类型 String testStr = jSONObject.getString("test"); System.out.println("testStr: " + testStr); // 返回值为Object类型 Object testObject = jSONObject.get("Result"); System.out.println("testObject: " + testObject); }}运行结果:
testStr: testtestObject: [{"Detail1":"Detail1","Result1":"Result1"},{"Detail2":"Detail2","Result2":"Result2"},{"Detail3":"Detail3","Result3":"Result3"}]06.总结更多方法可以去查看JSONArray,JSONObject的源码。
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