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推荐整理分享SpringBoot简单优雅实现图片上传功能(超详细)(springboot jni),希望有所帮助,仅作参考,欢迎阅读内容。
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最近有一个需求需要实现图片上传,因此,本人找到了一个可以快速实现该功能的插件mini-upload-form。在此记录分享一下使用过程。
mini-upload-form的Github跳转 将程序从github拉下后,前端页面index.html可简单修改后直接使用,我们的精力主要放在后端实现。
技术栈jdk1.8.0_162maven-3.3.9mybatis-plus项目目录需将mini-upload-from中assets文件下的资源引入自己项目中。除外还需引入bootstrap和jquery。
前端实现index.html<!DOCTYPE html><html><head> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <title>Mini Ajax File Upload Form</title> <!-- The main CSS file --> <link href="mini-upload-form/css/style.css" rel="stylesheet"/> <link href="bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"/></head><body><div class="row"> <div class="col align-self-start"> <div><h4>上传照片:</h4></div> <div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap mb-5" id="upload-img-container"> <p>暂无</p> </div> </div></div><div class="row"> <div class="col align-self-start"> <form id="upload" method="post" action="/file/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <div id="note" class="text-white"></div> <div id="drop"> 拖到此区域 <a>浏览本地</a> <input id="uploadFile" type="file" name="file" multiple/> </div> <ul> <!-- The file uploads will be shown here --> </ul> </form> <div class="col align-self-start"> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col align-self-start"> <div class="text-center"> <a type="button" id="submit-file-btn" class="text-center btn btn-info text-white">提交</a> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><script src="js/jquery-1.11.3.js"></script><script src="bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script><script src="mini-upload-form/js/jquery.knob.js"></script><!-- jQuery File Upload Dependencies --><script src="mini-upload-form/js/jquery.ui.widget.js"></script><script src="mini-upload-form/js/jquery.iframe-transport.js"></script><script src="mini-upload-form/js/jquery.fileupload.js"></script><!-- Our main JS file --><script src="mini-upload-form/js/script.js"></script></body></html>script.js本文还实现了上传成功后回写到前端页面,所以需修改script.js添加提交成功后回调函数。
// Automatically upload the file once it is added to the queue var jqXHR = data.submit().success(function (result) { var status = result['code']; var fileUri = result['fileUri']; var fileId = result['fileId']; var originFileName = result['originFileName']; if (status!='200'){ data.context.addClass('error'); numError++; }else{ images.push(fileId) localStorage.setItem('cd_files', JSON.stringify(images)) numSuccess++; $("#upload-img-container>p:nth-child(1)").remove() const imageHTML = "<div style='width:100px;height:100px;margin:.5rem;text-align:center'>"+ "<image class='rounded' style='width:100%;height:100%' src="+staticServer + fileUri +" alt=>"+ "<p class='text-center text-muted ' style='word-wrap: break-word;'>"+originFileName+"</p></div>"; $("#upload-img-container").append(imageHTML) } updateNote(); }); // Update the note function updateNote() { if($('#note').length) $('#note').html('<span>' + numSuccess + '</span> 个成功上传.<br /><span id="note-error">' + numError + '</span> 个上传失败.' + (numError > 0 ? ' <a href="#" id="btn-retry"> (Retry all)</a>' : '')); }后端实现MultipartFile 介绍MultipartFile是SpringMVC提供简化上传操作的工具类。
在不使用框架之前,都是使用原生的HttpServletRequest来接收上传的数据,文件是以二进制流传递到后端的,然后需要我们自己转换为File类。使用了MultipartFile工具类之后,我们对文件上传的操作就简便许多了。 MultipartFile接口方法
package org.springframework.web.multipart;import java.io.File;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.nio.file.Files;import java.nio.file.Path;import org.springframework.core.io.InputStreamSource;import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;import org.springframework.util.FileCopyUtils;public interface MultipartFile extends InputStreamSource {//getName() 返回参数的名称 String getName();//获取源文件的昵称 @Nullable String getOriginalFilename();//getContentType() 返回文件的内容类型 @Nullable String getContentType();//isEmpty() 判断是否为空,或者上传的文件是否有内容 boolean isEmpty();//getSize() 返回文件大小 以字节为单位 long getSize();//getBytes() 将文件内容转化成一个byte[] 返回 byte[] getBytes() throws IOException;//getInputStream() 返回InputStream读取文件的内容 InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException; default Resource getResource() { return new MultipartFileResource(this); }//transferTo(File dest) 用来把 MultipartFile 转换换成 File void transferTo(File var1) throws IOException, IllegalStateException; default void transferTo(Path dest) throws IOException, IllegalStateException { FileCopyUtils.copy(this.getInputStream(), Files.newOutputStream(dest)); }}配置文件# serverserver.port=8010# datasourcespring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://xxxx:3306/upload?characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=falsespring.datasource.username=***spring.datasource.password=****spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver# upload size settingspring.servlet.multipart.max-file-size=30MBspring.servlet.multipart.max-request-size=30MB file.upload.dir=D://uploadfile.visit.path=upload实体类图片存储实体类SysFile
@Data@Builder@TableName("sys_file")public class SysFile { private String fileId; private String mediaType; private String fileFormat; private String filePath; private String originalName; private Long fileSize; private Integer imageWidth; private Integer imageHeight; private String createUserId; private Date createDate; private String updateUserId; private Date updateDate;}Controller@RestController@RequestMapping("/file")public class FileUploadController { @Autowired private LocalStorageService localStorageService; @RequestMapping("/upload") public AjaxResult upload(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) throws Exception { try { if (file.isEmpty()) { throw new RuntimeException("上传文件不能为空"); } return localStorageService.upload(file); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return AjaxResult.error("文件上传失败"); } }}AjaxResultpublic class AjaxResult extends HashMap<String, Object> { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; /** * 状态码 */ public static final String CODE_TAG = "code"; /** * 返回内容 */ public static final String MSG_TAG = "msg"; /** * 数据对象 */ public static final String DATA_TAG = "data"; /** * 状态类型 */ public enum Type { /** * 成功 */ SUCCESS(200), /** * 警告 */ WARN(301), /** * 错误 */ ERROR(500); private final int value; Type(int value) { this.value = value; } public int value() { return this.value; } } /** * 初始化一个新创建的 AjaxResult 对象,使其表示一个空消息。 */ public AjaxResult() { } /** * 初始化一个新创建的AjaxResult对象 * * @param type 状态类型 * @param msg 返回内容 */ public AjaxResult(Type type, String msg) { super.put(CODE_TAG, type.value); super.put(MSG_TAG, msg); } /** * 初始化一个新创建的 AjaxResult 对象 * * @param type 状态类型 * @param msg 返回内容 * @param data 数据对象 */ public AjaxResult(Type type, String msg, Object data) { super.put(CODE_TAG, type.value); super.put(MSG_TAG, msg); if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(data)) { super.put(DATA_TAG, data); } } /** * 返回成功消息 * * @return 成功消息 */ public static AjaxResult success() { return AjaxResult.success("操作成功"); } /** * 返回成功数据 * * @return 成功消息 */ public static AjaxResult success(Object data) { return AjaxResult.success("操作成功", data); } /** * 返回成功消息 * * @param msg 返回内容 * @return 成功消息 */ public static AjaxResult success(String msg) { return AjaxResult.success(msg, null); } /** * 返回成功消息 * * @param msg 返回内容 * @param data 数据对象 * @return 成功消息 */ public static AjaxResult success(String msg, Object data) { return new AjaxResult(Type.SUCCESS, msg, data); } /** * 返回警告消息 * * @param msg 返回内容 * @return 警告消息 */ public static AjaxResult warn(String msg) { return AjaxResult.warn(msg, null); } /** * 返回警告消息 * * @param msg 返回内容 * @param data 数据对象 * @return 警告消息 */ public static AjaxResult warn(String msg, Object data) { return new AjaxResult(Type.WARN, msg, data); } /** * 返回错误消息 * * @return */ public static AjaxResult error() { return AjaxResult.error("操作失败"); } /** * 返回错误消息 * * @param msg 返回内容 * @return 警告消息 */ public static AjaxResult error(String msg) { return AjaxResult.error(msg, null); } /** * 返回错误消息 * * @param msg 返回内容 * @param data 数据对象 * @return 警告消息 */ public static AjaxResult error(String msg, Object data) { return new AjaxResult(Type.ERROR, msg, data); } /** * 方便链式调用 * * @param key 键 * @param value 值 * @return 数据对象 */ @Override public AjaxResult put(String key, Object value) { super.put(key, value); return this; }}MapperSysFileMapper
@Mapperpublic interface SysFileMapper extends BaseMapper<SysFile> {}ServiceSysFileService
public interface SysFileService extends IService<SysFile> {}@Servicepublic class sysFileServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<SysFileMapper, SysFile> implements SysFileService {}LocalStorageService
@Slf4j@Service("localStorageService")public class LocalStorageService { @Autowired private SysFileService sysFileService; @Value("${file.upload.dir}") private String uploadDir; @Value("${file.visit.path:upload}") private String visitPath; private static final String[] ALLOW_FILE_TYPES = { "jpg", "jpeg", "png"}; public AjaxResult upload(MultipartFile file) throws Exception { String contentType = file.getContentType().toLowerCase(); boolean allowType = false; for (String allowFileType : ALLOW_FILE_TYPES) { if(contentType.contains(allowFileType)) { allowType = true; break; } } if (!allowType) { return AjaxResult.error("请上传正确的文件格式"); } String fileId = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); String subFolder = hashBy256(fileId); File destFolder = new File(uploadDir + File.separator + subFolder); if (!destFolder.exists()) { destFolder.mkdirs(); } String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename(); String fileExt = getFileType(originalFilename); String destFileName = fileId + "." + fileExt; File destFile = new File(uploadDir + File.separator + subFolder + File.separator + destFileName); log.info("file saved in: {}", destFile.getAbsoluteFile()); file.transferTo(destFile); String filePath = visitPath + File.separator + subFolder + File.separator + destFileName; String fileUri = transferPathAsImageUri(filePath); Long fileSize = file.getSize(); SysFile sysFile = SysFile.builder() .fileId(fileId) .filePath(filePath) .fileFormat(fileExt) .fileSize(fileSize) .mediaType(contentType) .originalName(originalFilename) .build(); sysFileService.save(sysFile); return AjaxResult.success() .put("fileId", fileId) .put("filePath", filePath) .put("originFileName", originalFilename) .put("fileName", destFileName) .put("fileUri", fileUri); } private String getFileType(String originalFilename){ int extPos = originalFilename.lastIndexOf("."); if (extPos != -1) { return originalFilename.substring(extPos + 1); } throw new RuntimeException("未知类型"); } public static String hashBy256(String str) { String s = Integer.toHexString(Math.abs(str.hashCode()) % 256).toUpperCase(); if (s.length() == 1) { s = "0" + s; } return s; } public static String transferPathAsImageUri(String fileServerPath) { if (!StringUtils.hasLength(fileServerPath)) { return null; } return "/" + fileServerPath.replaceAll("\\\\", "/"); }}拦截器ResourceConfig,该拦截器用于上传后回写到界面
@Configurationpublic class ResourceConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Value("${file.visit.path:upload}") private String visitPath; @Value("${file.upload.dir}") private String resourceDir; @Override public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { registry.addResourceHandler("/" + visitPath + "/**").addResourceLocations("file:" + resourceDir + "/"); }}测试结果展示前端界面
到此,完整的图片上传功能就结束了,希望本文对您有所帮助。
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